the triumphal arch between nave and apse and the walls above the nave arcades received mosaic adornment, while the entire domed apse was lined with a mosaic picture, generally of Jesus surrounded by saints and apostles. glass mosaics brought color and decoration to the broad walls of the basilicas. The tessera designs varied from simple geometrical patterns in black and white to huge pictorial arrangements of figures and animals examples were found in Rome, Pompeii, Antioch and Zeugma (S Turkey), and N Africa. In Italy and the Roman colonies the floor patterns were produced both by large slabs of marble in contrasting colors ( opus sectile) and by small marble tesserae ( opus tessellatum).
Roman floor mosaics were probably based upon Greek examples, and glass mosaics applied to columns, niches, and fountains can be seen at Pompeii. The use of cut cubes or tesserae was introduced from the East after the Alexandrian conquest. B.C.) uncovered at Olynthus were worked in small natural pebbles. In addition, there are far more materials in use to create fascinating mosaics that weren't even available in the past, like shards of DVDs.In Egypt and Mesopotamia, furniture, small architectural features, and jewelry were occasionally adorned with inset bits of enamel, glass, and colored stone. Those with mosaic designs on sheets that are far larger than the original chips of marbles used by the Romans and Greeks are also included in the term. Even mosaics made with small tiles that are hand-painted can be qualified as one. The size of the tile has become less important than the mosaic look and feel that it creates. The use of the word tile and tesserae is almost identical these days. Now, they can be sheets of different materials, that include a mosaic design that includes stone, glass, mirrors, mother-of-pearl, and pebbles, amongst other choices. A classical tessera is a small piece of mosaic material, but this was prior to the invention of backings that allowed you to create your mosaic outside the job site. This is just a small list of the many different types of tiles out there that you can use to create a mosaic effect. This Silo tile, for example, shows mother-of-pearl cabochons embedded in marble. You can still create your own mosaics using shells, but tiles today use inlays of mother-of-pearl, rather than the whole tiny shells.
They can easily be imbedded in clay and have a beautiful repetitive motif that can create fantastic patterns. Some of the original mosaics seen in Pre-Columbian times were made with tiny shells. So much so, that, in some cases when larger mosaics are premade or on a grid backing, the word "tesserae" is now synonymous with the word "tile." Here are some of the different materials and types available to the prospective buyer. Types of tesserae today include larger tiles and some made of glass, hand-painted stone, and even metal. Tesserae, the plural of tessera, thus was an appropriate word for the 4-sided colorful cubes of stone, shell, or ceramic that were used for many mosaic materials of the period. A tessera, to the Romans, was a 4-sided tablet made of wood, stone, or bone and it was used for a variety of purposes, from ticketing to identification. The word "tessares," meaning four, is thought to originate from the Greeks and eventually became "tessera" in Latin.
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